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An intelligent system is a central part of the smart building that enhances adaptable reuse in an existing building. Many researchers agreed on a set of benefits of intelligent buildings, including reducing energy consumption, improving construction efficiency, predictive maintenance, increasing user productivity, better use of resources, and protecting and maintaining security and integrity, in addition to indoor comfort. This study investigates the impact of intelligent systems on the adaptive reuse of traditional cafes in Erbil, Iraq. This is achieved by answering the two research questions:
• Are the changes of traditional cafes in line with the needs of today’s customers?
• To what extent can an intelligent system enhance traditional cafés in Erbil related to current and future users?
Therefore, the main objective of this research was to examine the level of adaptive reuse in traditional cafes in Erbil. To enhance the existing level of adaptation reuse by an intelligent system. An inductive and qualitative research approach was adopted to achieve the defined aim of this research. These methods include an overview of the literature on traditional architecture, adaptive reuse, and intelligent buildings; the data were collected through a physical survey and observation of traditional cafes and interviews with the owners, servers, and visitors in the buffer zone of Erbil Citadel. The key findings: Through this study, we found that the traditional cafes had new themes. The first was spiritual identity through (a) a passive system and (b) spatial aesthetics. Second, there is a need for a new system. The research concluded that adding intelligent systems to traditional cafes through sensors to existing devices makes them intelligent and links them together wirelessly to provide the integration that is the basis of intelligent buildings, in other words, trying to reuse existing devices adaptively. And that traditional cafes deserve to be adaptive and reused continuously and periodically every five years. This will help users to improve the performance of conventional cafes in Erbil.
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Endnotes
This paper was presented at the SPACE International Conference 2022 on Architecture, Building, and Construction and selected for publication in this Journal.
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Disclosure Statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Biographical Notes on Contributors
Amna N. Salman is an MSc student in Architecture Engineering at the College of Engineering, University of Baghdad. She earned a bachelor’s in architectural engineering in 2018 and was an assistant in Architecture Engineering at the College of Engineering, Tishq International University. She worked in the practical field as a project manager, architect, and graphic designer. Finally, she participated in many architectural competitions.
Rand Agha is an assistant professor in Development Architecture Engineering at the College of Engineering, University of Baghdad. She received a bachelor’s in architectural engineering in 1995 And a master’s in interior architecture in 2001, both from the University of Baghdad. She also received a PhD in intelligent building in 2016 from Newcastle University in the United Kingdom. She has published many research papers and books. Finally, she has won many prizes in design projects and as a researcher.
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Deniz Bol is the Administrative Assistant at SPACE Studies, where she supports the day-to-day operations and contributes to the smooth functioning of the organization. Alongside her administrative role, Deniz is an artist with a passion for creative expression. She is currently pursuing her studies at the University of the Arts London (UAL), where she continues to develop her artistic practice. Her organizational skills, paired with her artistic background, make her a valuable asset to the SPACE Studies team, helping bridge the worlds of administration and creativity.
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Betul Uckan is an architect and dedicated academic with a background in both architectural practice and research. She holds a Master of Science in Architectural Design and a Bachelor’s degree in Architecture from Istanbul Technical University, where she cultivated her interests in architectural theory and design. Betul has gained experience as a research assistant in various universities, contributing to design studios and foundational courses. She has also worked in the field as an architect with projects focused on design, modeling, and construction, and has been involved in notable projects, including Maltepe Piazza and Emaar Square in Istanbul. With her expertise spanning both digital and material architecture, Betul brings a dynamic, interdisciplinary approach to her role as the Academic Programme Coordinator.
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Gregory Cowan is a Senior Researcher and Educational Consultant at SPACE Studies, where he leads initiatives that bridge academic research and practical application in architecture and urban design. He contributes his extensive experience to mentoring postgraduate students, designing educational workshops, and guiding community-focused projects. Gregory is also a freelance academic at the University of Wales Trinity St David and the University of Westminster, and founder of The Architects Coach. His expertise spans architectural workspace analysis, professional development, and positive intelligence coaching.
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Julian Wild is a Senior Researcher at SPACE Studies and the Sculpture Program Leader at The Art Academy London. With over 30 years of experience in creating and exhibiting sculptures, Julian has worked with high-profile clients such as Cate Blanchett and the University of Oxford. A fellow and former vice president (2015-2019) of the Royal Society of Sculptors, his work has been featured at venues like Modern Art Oxford and Chatsworth House. At SPACE Studies, Julian leads research projects, mentors junior team members, and conducts workshops that blend art and urban studies. In his free time, he enjoys attending academic conferences and crafting new sculptures.
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Sanaz Shobeiri is an architect, urban designer, and landscape urbanist, currently a postdoctoral researcher in the Department of Planning at Queen’s University Belfast. Her research focuses on age-gender inclusiveness and the interplay of architectural, historical, political, and sociocultural dimensions in urban spaces, exemplified by her project on city centres in Belfast and Tehran. Sanaz holds a PhD in Urban Planning from the University of Tehran and has a robust portfolio in sustainability and urban theory. As Head of Research at SPACE Studies, she leads innovative research initiatives, fostering collaboration and academic excellence. In her free time, Sanaz enjoys exploring urban landscapes and supporting community development.
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Selin Gulce Sozmen is the Creative Director at SPACE Studies, where she leads the artistic vision and design strategy for the organisation. With a background in graphic design and visual arts, Selin has been instrumental in creating visually captivating books, journals, and event posters. Her role extends to developing and coordinating workshops and creative projects, ensuring that all visual materials meet the highest standards of quality and innovation. Selin’s dedication to creativity and excellence drives the visual and creative direction of SPACE Studies, making her an essential part of the team.
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Pinar Engincan is the Founder and Executive Director of SPACE Studies, an innovative social enterprise focused on fostering interdisciplinary dialogue and education in architecture and urban design. With extensive experience as a lecturer and researcher, Pınar holds a PhD in Architecture and has led numerous academic initiatives. Her career includes curriculum development, international collaborations, and research on housing and urban policies. Passionate about bridging academia and community, she champions accessible education and consultancy services, empowering individuals to shape the built environment.
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